References:
- 1. Regional Inter-agency Coordination Platform (R4V); R4V Latin America and the Caribbean, Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants in the Region – Aug 2023; https://www.r4v.info/en/document/r4v-latin-america-and-caribbean-venezuelan-refugees-and-migrants-region-aug-2023
- 2. Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana; Año IV – Nº 938; 2017; https://www.aduana.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Ley-Organica-de-Movilidad-Humana.pdf
- 3. IOM UN Migration; Migration Governance Snapshot: Republic of Ecuador; May 2018; https://www.migrationdataportal.org/sites/g/files/tmzbdl251/files/2018-11/Migration%20Governance%20Snapshot-%20Republic%20of%20Ecuador.pdf
- 4. Jokisch, B; Ecuador Juggles Rising Emigration and Challenges Accommodating Venezuelan Arrivals; Migration Policy Institute; 18 October 2023; https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/ecuador-migration-trends-emigration-venezuelans
- 5. World Vision; Response to the Migration Crisis of Venezuela Situation Report; October – December 2022; https://reliefweb.int/attachments/f4e3df97-b341-427d-a7a0-dfa3704dcc43/SITREP-INGLES-Oct-dic22_0.pdf
- 6. Vigers, B; Guayas, Ecuador: The Least Safe Place on the Planet?; GALLUP; 19 April 2024; https://news.gallup.com/poll/643817/guayas-ecuador-least-safe-place-planet.aspx
- 7. Atuesta, L., Aulet, M., Soares, Y., Ruiz, M., Ramirez, S., Rangel, D., & Fevre, C. (2013). The Implementation Challenge: Lessons from five citizen Security projects. https://doi.org/10.18235/0010574
- 8. Yusuf A, Mohd S. Growth and Fiscal Effects of Insecurity on the Nigerian Economy. Eur J Dev Res. 2022 Apr 19:1-27. doi: 10.1057/s41287-022-00531-3. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35464616; PMCID: PMC9016214;pp https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9016214/
- 9. Igarape Institute; Ministerio del Interior/DINASED (cited data source); Homicide Monitor; 2023; https://homicide.igarape.org.br/
- 10. Torres, I; Ecuador has become a school of violence; Latinoamérica 21; 6 August 2023;
- https://latinoamerica21.com/en/ecuador-has-become-a-school-of-violence/
- 11. Díaz Ponce, A; The Origins of Escalating Violence in Ecuador; Impunity Observer; 331 August 2022; https://impunityobserver.com/2022/10/31/the-origins-of-escalating-violence-in-ecuador/
- 12. ACAPS; Ecuador Migration of Venezuelan refugees and migrants; 19 September 2023;
- https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230919_ACAPS_briefing_note_Ecuador_Venezuelan_migrants.pdf
- 13. Grupo Banco Mudial; Challenges and opportunities of Venezuelan migration in Ecuador; September 2019; https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/662681592905703335/pdf/Challenges-and-Opportunities-of-Venezuelan-Migration-in-Ecuador.pdf
- 14. Gov.UK; Foreign travel advice—Ecuador; 3 July 2024 – 24 July 2024; https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ecuador
- Acknowledgements to Vegoña for her generosity, and for her intelligent and fascinating conversations!
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